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HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY
FOR A FINAL PEACE
IN EASTERN EUROPE

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Abstract

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(Please look at italian or german full text and translate it
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In Eastern Europe, particularly between Ukraine and Russia, a temporary truce cannot suffice, but we must aspire to a definitive peace. The key concept for achieving a definitive peace is that of recognition. It is one of the fundamental concepts of philosophical ethics. It is the recognition of the humanity of the other, of the enemy. 
It was precisely this recognition, despite all that had happened, that enabled the nations of Western Europe after 1945 to set out on the road to peace through the unification process. This had not happened after the First World War when the enormous reparation costs, imposed on Germany with the aim of keeping it forever at a low standard of living, laid the groundwork for the German people to retaliate and after a few years re-arm for a new war. Then it was the disavowal of the humanity of the defeated Germans that set the conditions for the new war. After 1945 no such philosophical error was made and thanks to the recognition of the humanity of the defeated we have had many decades of peace in Europe. 
The extension of the European Union to countries that were not previously part of it now confronts us with new situations of disenfranchisement and nationalist hatred, which require a new effort of recognition on our part, if we are to have a definitive peace in Eastern Europe as we had in Western Europe.
This study explores this issue, identifying the historical modalities of recognition in Western Europe and, based on these, the philosophical-political modalities of recognition in Eastern Europe as the only possible way out of the current crisis.  

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